Makes

Volvo VIN decoder

Decode any Volvo VIN for manufacturer specifications and NHTSA safety recall campaigns, and see which World Manufacturer Identifiers NHTSA has on record for Volvo.

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Enter all 17 characters. The decoder reads the make, model and year from the whole VIN, not just the first three characters.

Volvo WMI codes

The first three characters of a VIN are the World Manufacturer Identifier. NHTSA lists 43 of them for Volvo. Volvo Cars and the Volvo Group, which builds trucks and buses, are separate companies that share the Volvo name. NHTSA's list includes codes from both. They were issued across 7 countries: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Mexico, Sweden and United States (USA). A few carry no stated country. They span 6 vehicle types, listed separately below.

The country shown is where the identifier was issued, which usually but not always matches where a given vehicle was assembled. The eleventh character identifies the specific plant. A single WMI can cover more than one vehicle type, so some codes appear in more than one table.

Passenger Car 3 codes

Volvo WMI codes — passenger car
WMI	Registered entity	Country
7JR	VOLVO CAR USA, LLC	United States (USA)
LVY	DAQING VOLVO CAR MANUFACTURING CO LTD	China
YV1	VOLVO CAR CORPORATION	Sweden

Truck 13 codes

Volvo WMI codes — truck
WMI	Registered entity	Country
1WA	VOLVO WHITE TRUCK CORPORATION	United States (USA)
1WU	VOLVO WHITE TRUCK CORPORATION	United States (USA)
3V4	VOLVO GROUP OPERATIONS MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.	Mexico
3X1	VOLVO GROUP OPERATIONS MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.	Mexico
4V1	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4V3	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	United States (USA)
4V4	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	United States (USA)
4V6	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	United States (USA)
4VA	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VD	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VG	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VJ	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	United States (USA)
9BV	VOLVO DO BRASIL VEICULOS LTDA	Brazil

Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle (MPV) 3 codes

Volvo WMI codes — multipurpose passenger vehicle (mpv)
WMI	Registered entity	Country
7JD	VOLVO CAR USA, LLC	United States (USA)
LYV	DAQING VOLVO CAR MANUFACTURING CO LTD	China
YV4	VOLVO CAR CORPORATION	Sweden

Bus 4 codes

Volvo WMI codes — bus
WMI	Registered entity	Country
2P9001	VOLVO GROUP CANADA, INC	Canada
2PC	VOLVO GROUP CANADA, INC	Canada
3CE	VOLVO GROUP MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.	Mexico
YV3	VOLVO CAR CORPORATION	Sweden

Incomplete Vehicle 19 codes

Volvo WMI codes — incomplete vehicle
WMI	Registered entity	Country
1WB	VOLVO WHITE TRUCK CORPORATION	United States (USA)
1WD	VOLVO WHITE TRUCK CORPORATION	United States (USA)
1WX	VOLVO WHITE TRUCK CORPORATION	United States (USA)
1WY	VOLVO WHITE TRUCK CORPORATION	United States (USA)
2P9110	VOLVO GROUP CANADA, INC	Canada
3V6	VOLVO GROUP OPERATIONS MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.	Mexico
3X2	VOLVO GROUP OPERATIONS MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.	Mexico
4V2	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4V5	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	United States (USA)
4VB	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VC	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VE	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VH	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
4VK	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	United States (USA)
4VM	VOLVO GROUP NORTH AMERICA, LLC	—
YB1	VOLVO EUROPA TRUCK NV	Belgium
YB3	VOLVO EUROPA TRUCK NV	Belgium
YV2	VOLVO CAR CORPORATION	Sweden
YV5	VOLVO CAR CORPORATION	Sweden

Trailer 1 code

Volvo WMI codes — trailer
WMI	Registered entity	Country
YV6	VOLVO CAR CORPORATION	Sweden

Source: NHTSA vPIC, GetWMIsForManufacturer. Retrieved 2026-10-21.

Common Volvo models

Some of the Volvo models you are most likely to be decoding, as NHTSA spells them. Recall searches by year, make and model need that exact spelling.

XC90
XC60
XC40
S60
V60 — NHTSA recall records list the Cross Country version as V60CC.
S90
V90

Model names checked against NHTSA vPIC.

Notable Volvo recalls since 2018

A few of the largest or most serious recent safety recalls covering Volvo vehicles. They are examples, not a complete list: a single model year can have a dozen campaigns. A recall on the model does not mean it is still open on a particular car, so check the VIN at NHTSA's recall lookup, or see every campaign for a year and model with our recall lookup.

Back over prevention: rearview camera software

Vehicles: Certain 2021-2025 Volvo XC40, XC60, XC90, S60, S90, V60, V60 Cross Country, V90, V90 Cross Country, C40, EC40 and EX40 vehicles (years vary by model). This campaign replaces recall 25V-282.

The rearview camera image may not appear when the vehicle is put in reverse, so the vehicles do not meet federal rear-visibility standard FMVSS 111. A missing rear view raises the risk of a crash.

The software is updated at no charge by a dealer or over the air; vehicles repaired under 25V-282 need the new remedy.

NHTSA campaign 25V908000, reported 23 December 2025, about 413,151 vehicles across every brand in the campaign.

Seat belts: front seat belt anchor cable

Vehicles: Certain 2007-2020 Volvo S60, S60 Cross Country, S60L, S80, S80L, V60, V60 Cross Country, V70, XC60 and XC70 vehicles (years vary by model).

The flexible steel cable that attaches the front outboard seat belts to the seats can wear out over time, so the belt may not hold the occupant in a crash. An unsecured occupant faces a greater risk of injury.

Dealers replace the seat belt anchor cable on both front seats at no charge.

NHTSA campaign 20V378000, reported 30 June 2020, about 308,260 vehicles across every brand in the campaign.

Forward collision avoidance: automatic emergency braking

Vehicles: Certain 2019-2020 Volvo S60, S90, V60, V60 Cross Country, V90, V90 Cross Country, XC40, XC60 and XC90 vehicles.

A mismatch between software and hardware can keep the automatic emergency braking system from detecting obstacles and braking as intended. That raises the risk of a crash.

Dealers update the active safety control module software at no charge.

NHTSA campaign 20V144000, reported 12 March 2020, about 121,605 vehicles across every brand in the campaign.

Electrical system: fuel pump fuse

Vehicles: Certain 2019-2020 Volvo S60, S90, V60, V60 Cross Country, V90, V90 Cross Country, XC60 and XC90 vehicles.

The low-pressure fuel pump can blow its fuse and stop working. A failed fuel pump can stall the engine, raising the risk of a crash.

Dealers replace the fuse at no charge.

NHTSA campaign 21V414000, reported 2 June 2021, about 85,550 vehicles across every brand in the campaign.

Electrical system: plug-in hybrid battery

Vehicles: Certain 2020-2022 Volvo S60, V60, XC60 and XC90, 2020-2021 S90 and 2022 V90 plug-in hybrid vehicles.

The high-voltage battery can short circuit inside a battery module when it is fully charged and the vehicle is parked, which raises the risk of a fire. Owners are advised not to charge the vehicle until the repair is done.

Dealers inspect the high-voltage battery, replace modules as needed and update the software to monitor the battery, at no charge.

NHTSA campaign 25V179000, reported 24 March 2025, about 7,483 vehicles across every brand in the campaign.

Recall details from the NHTSA recalls API, checked 26 October 2026.

Reading the rest of a Volvo VIN

Characters 4 to 8 describe the vehicle — model, body style, engine, restraint system. Volvo assigns that scheme itself and files it with NHTSA, which is why decoding requires a lookup rather than arithmetic. Character 9 is the check digit, character 10 is the model year, and character 11 is the assembly plant.

See how to read a VIN for the full breakdown, or model year codes for the position 10 table.

Where the VIN is on a Volvo

On the driver's side dashboard, readable through the windshield, and on a sticker in the driver's door jamb. The door jamb sticker usually carries a scannable barcode, which is more reliable than transcribing 17 characters by eye — the decoder can read it with your camera.

More detail in where to find the VIN.